advantages and disadvantages of the animal welfare act 2006
3.110 (d)). The lack of this information leads anti-animal testing individuals and groups to discuss how the experiments animals are forced to suffer are more than often flawed and limited without, Rights are against the use of force and they are our primary if not only our means of survival. 1.1). katie_barnes69. 3.101 (b)). Transfer of animals by way of sale or prize to persons under 16 12. Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). In the case of a part-time attending veterinarian or consultant arrangements, the formal arrangements shall include a written program of veterinary care and regularly scheduled visits to the premises of the dealer or exhibitor;". Section 2.2 Acknowledgement of regulations and standards. Farm animals are not covered by the AWA. Stability in the soil as possible by the plantation of trees to ensure the base of land, plants, and animals. Test. This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. 3.35 (c)). (Sect. Animal welfare science has developed rapidly and increased in precision and methods over the last few decades. Animal testing should be abolished because it is unnecessary, inaccurate, and cruel to animals. Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects. While USDA considers the humane treatment of animals to be important, the USDA's regulatory authority does not extend to farm animals used for food, fiber, or other agricultural purposes. (3) Daily observation of all animals is required to assess their health and well-being. Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. 5. The AWAHDC contains U.S. Government publications related to the AWA that fall into three categories: legislative history, regulatory history, and USDA publications. Some well-known certification programs include Certified Humane Certification Program, Global Animal Partnership, Animal Welfare Approved, and Food Alliance. Very much a product of the recommendations of the Scottish Law Commission, the statute directs courts to regard "the welfare of the child concerned as its paramount consideration".9 The original version of the Act said nothing further about welfare. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law in 1966. Section 2.78 Health certification and identification. (Sect.2.40 (a)(3)). Much of the attention in the world of animal testing focuses on the potential for harm. Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. Most livestock production industries in the United States have developed and implemented science-based animal care guidelines. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. Animal testing is the inhumane act of using conscious, innocent animals to test products without care of what the aftermath may be. Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. Even though the new trucks held fewer birds, innovations in design greatly reduced death losses, broken wings and bruises. (Sect. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. If the Administrator notifies a facility that specified records are to be retained pending an investigation or proceeding, the facility shall hold those records until their disposition is authorized by the Administrator. The Act places the legal burden on the actual person in charge and basically aims to protect the animals from us doing them harm or abusing them and this is what many owners are unaware of. (Sect. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). With each passing day, there is unfortunately another dog cruelty case reported on television or posted on the Internet. Instructions for no food or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. (3) "Water samples shall be taken and tested at least weekly for coliform count and at least daily for pH and any chemical additives (e.g. To quote, The plan must address social grouping; enriching the environment, with special consideration for great apes; caring for infants, young juveniles, and those primates showing signs of psychological distress; and ensuring the well-being of those primates who are used in a protocol requiring restricted activity (Conlee). However, this term excludes any study that involves an invasive procedure, harms, or materially alters the behavior of an animal under study. For this purpose of this Act, pet animal shall include birds. The definition of terms are set forth in Part 1 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. (Sect. "The Blue Book" contains the most up-to-date version (May 2022) of the AWAand its regulations. The Five Freedoms: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour. (Sect. There is only one fundamental right: To live successfully, a man has to make his own choices as well as animals too (Roleff,2014,p.33). (f) Primary enclosures used to transport live rabbits.shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals" in letters not less than 1 inch in height and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position if the container. It provides many useful products such as eggs, meat, wool, silk, milk, honey, etc., that are very important in our daily life. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale;used in research, teaching, ortesting;transported commercially;or exhibited to the public. These groups claim animal testing to be inhumane. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. So why mess with the works of Mother Nature? Furthermore, while critics argue that laws have been issued which protect the physical and mental health of animals used as test subjects, the Animal Welfare Act is only US law that governs the use of laboratory animals. Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. The plan, at a minimum, must comply with the conditions and requirements set forth in section 3.8 (a) (b) and (c). Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. (Sect. Although comical, this scene may be quite accurate when describing the passion that animal lovers have when it comes to the touchy subject of animal testing. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature requirements may accept live hamsters for transportation if the consignor furnishes a certificate executed by a veterinarian, no more than 10 days prior to delivery for transport, stating that such live hamster is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.40 and 3.41. Test. The model has a number of advantages which include the following: the systematic identification of a wide range of impacts associated with a variety of control tools; the production of relative rankings of tools in terms of their welfare impacts; the easy incorporation of new information into assessments; and the highlighting of additional (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). 3.89 (a)). If you have concerns about zoos or zoo animals, contact the APHISregional officeresponsible for the geographic area where the zoo is located. Action for Animals logo. (3.106 (a)). (Sect. The plan must be made available to APHIS upon request. Alternatively, you can use APHIS'sonlineAnimal Welfare Complaint form. (Sect. 3.136 (b)). (e) "A dealer who completes, provides, or receives a certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall keep, maintain, and make available for APHIS inspection a copy of the certification for at least 1 year following disposition." Animals like rats, mice, birds and other cold-blooded animals are excluded from this law. (3.106 (b)(3)) . I believe that animal testing is beneficial because it provides opportunities to improve the lives of both humans and animals. 587 Words 3 Pages Good Essays Inaccurate Animal Testing Saves money Performing animal tests are expensive. (Sect. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. Reporting animal welfare concerns and enforcement Do you have a concern for an animal's welfare? The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. The idea of a "welfare queen" just doesn't exist in reality. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (c)(1)-(4). We can assess motivation with high precision, determine environmental preferences of animals with sophisticated quantitative methods, and even determine moods and emotions (Briefer et al., 2015 ). The Animal Welfare Act of 1996, also called the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, was an act signed into law on August 24, 1966, by former President Lyndon B. Johnson. Accordingly, you may wish to contact the appropriate state and local authorities such as Animal Control or your state's Department of Agriculture. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." (c) A class "C" exhibitor shall identify live dogs and cats as indicated in section 2.50 (c). seq. Extent of the Zoo Licensing Act 2.1 Section 1 makes clear that all zoos that are open to the public, with or without charge on seven or more days in a twelve-month period need a licence from their local authority to operate. (Sect. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. Furthermore, critics argue that the parameters of the Animal Welfare Act protect primates used in laboratories by stating all facilities must promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates in a which is referred to environmental enhancement. (Sect. To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. (a) Hamsters shall not be housed in outdoor facilities. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . Legislation prohibiting cruelty against animals originated in the English Parliament in 1822, and variations of this type of legislation proliferated over the next century, particularly in countries formerly under English colonial rule. On e copy of the record must accompany each shipment of any dog or cat. Walmart and McDonalds will be using only cage free eggs by 2025. At the zoo, guests get to learn about various species of animals they wouldn't otherwise get to see up close in the wild. Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). mal Welfare act 2006. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. (Sect.3.86 (e)). (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the dog or cat was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Should the activity not meet the definition of field study it is NOT exempt from this requirement. Flashcards. 3.60 (b)). Home. a barrister for over 20 years, working in the field of animal. (a) (1) Each dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms that correctly disclose the information required in section 2.75 (a) for each dog or cat acquired, held, transported, or disposed of. (4) To inspect and photograph the facilities, property and animals, as the APHIS officials consider necessary to enforce the Act, regulations and standards. Such exemption must be documented by the attending veterinarian and, unless the basis for the exemption is a permanent condition, must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian. This alludes to the fact that the only law attempting is allowing laboratory animals to be tortured. The corresponding Act for Scotland is the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006. 3.13 (c)). 3. Match. (Sect. The government can change the consumption behavior of the consumers and the production process of livestock by intervening the market using a carrot approach so that the price system will lead the society to an efficient outcome of animal welfare. To find USDA-licensed dog breeders, go tothe USDAAnimal Care Public Search Tool. When using the high welfare methods it raises the price of eggs by 18% which is about 49 cents per dozen. Simply stated, critics arguments that lab animals are protected by federal law is a manipulated version of the story: society's only efforts to protect animals are tepid attempts as we allow lab animals to be tortured without any compensation. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). According to PETA, the animals who are in research and testing shake and cower in fear whenever someone walks past their cages and their blood pressure spikes drastically. You can also view a static version of the timeline. (Sect. 2.8). (g) Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs or hamsters shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals" in letters not less than 1 inch in height and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the container. 1. The plan must include written standard procedure s to be followed in providing the opportunity for exercise. Welfare Act, 2 J. (2) Accurate and complete records are to be separately maintained by the licensee and by the pound or shelter. (a) General. The certificate shall include at least the information required in section 3.136 (b)(1)-(4). Section 3.36 Primary enclosures used to transport live guinea pigs and hamsters. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. Once a farmer is enrolled, animal welfare audits are conducted to ensure the certification program's standards are being met. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. Therefore, if no testing will be done on animals, the overall cost will be saved and used for something else. So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. 1. Section numbers are provided for reference. [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 2. (c) "The original certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall accompany the shipment of a live dog or cat." (2.133 (c)). Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. Animal care and welfare Legislation, Standards & Guidelines and information on animal care and welfare. Section 2.31 (c)(2) requires the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to: "Inspect, at least once every six months, all of the research facility's animal facilities, including animal study areas, using Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, as a basis for evaluation;Provided, however,That animal areas containing free-living wild animals in their natural habitat need not be included in such inspection:". Section 2.31 (c)(6) and (7) requires the IACUC to review and approve, or make modifications to, proposed and ongoing activities related to the care and use of animals as specified in section 2.31(d). This may have been going on with clinical trials, but the only difference is that medications used in these trials have already been tested on animals and are considered safe. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. Most experiments carried out are completely pointless, seeing as humans and animals react to drugs differently. Section 3.13 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. But here is a problem: if animal suffering is minimized, what will become of product research and development? Nature has a very delicate system that will cause a chain reaction if disturbed. Ethics; ANS 150 Animal Welfare/Rights. Otherwise, all efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term results. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. Each dealer and exhibitor shall furnish any APHIS official any information concerning the business that the APHIS official may request in connection with the enforcement of the Act, regulations and standards. In the Unites States, there are plenty of organizations that uphold animal rights and where volunteers can join in to offer support. (Sect. Section 3.139 Food and water requirements. (Sect. Animal testing is a controversial subject, with supporters pointing out the medical advances that have stemmed from animal research and animal rights activists declaring it cruel and immoral. But opponents of animal rights claim that treatment of animals is just because they lack reason and are nothing more than complex automata. Freedom from Discomfort - by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area. 3.113 (g)). 3.87 (f)). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Due to events like these, people all over the world are wondering if the use of animals for entertainment includes the awful act of animal cruelty. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Records of all such test results shall be maintained by management for a 1-year period and must be made available for inspection purposes on request." Animals in research and teaching (d) Any dealer or exhibitor offering any live animal to any carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce shall affix to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting such live animal, written instructions concerning the food and water requirements of such animal while being so transported. (a) No dealer, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, broker, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or any State or local government shall deliver to an intermediate handler or carrier for transport, or shall transport, in commerce, any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate unless such animal is accompanied by a health certificate executed and issued by a licensed veterinarian in accordance with the requirements of section 2.78. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, teaching, testing, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. 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