thomas more and margaret pole relationship

As a young king, he was named Defender of the Faith by the pope for defending the church against Protestant heresy; his Lord Chancellor was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? Please include name, address, and a telephone number. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. I am no traitor, no, not I! As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. But not your principles. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. Here is where it gets complicated. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. ThoughtCo. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. by Susan Higginbotham. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. geralmente . Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. Get the best results here. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. It was time to be rid of Warwick. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Stoke was a decisive victory. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. He encouraged them to do so. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. Henry accepted Mores resignation. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. The king raged. If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . He died on 8 August 1420. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. After several months, he was visited by Cromwell, but More refused to engage him in debate and merely declared himself a faithful subject of the king. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. It was children who caused him a problem. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. She served later as a governess to Mary. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. She was by necessity hostile to the Catholic church. Birth Country: United Kingdom. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. He sent envoys. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. He dictated letter after letter. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. BORN: 1473. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Margaret kept silent on the matter. He did not share his opinion with the king. Nor make one step, as you shall see; She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. They were preventing her marriage to the king. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. Henry wanted Reginald to come back to England and talk the matter over, but Reginald had the sense to keep his distance. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. To my principles!". https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. She began to write for the. His resignation was at first not accepted. But he knew what was coming. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Birth date: February 7, 1478. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant.

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